Either instrument can be used to obtain the inoculum from an agar slant culture by carefully touching the surface of the solid medium in an area exhibiting growth so as not to gouge into the agar 任何一种器具都可以用来在洋菜斜面培养上获得接种原，小心地碰触有生长的固体培养基的表面，避免刺破洋菜培养基。
2.
Remember that after inoculation , petri dishes are incubated in an inverted position ( top down ) to prevent condensation that forms on the cover during solidification from dropping down onto the surface of the hardened agar 记得在接种后，培养皿要倒著放，以避免在凝固时水气凝集在盖子上而滴入到硬化后的洋菜培养基表面。
3.
The results show that most isolates produce enough condia . which are similar to those directly received from the hosts , when they grow on the twa + w culture media for about 1 - 2 weeks , under 18 - 22 and alternative nuv light for 12h and in dark for 12h . but we should try several different kinds of culture media to produce the natural condia for some special species 总结如下： ( 1 )适宜培养基及适宜培养条件：使用自来水洋菜麦秆培养基( twa + w ) ，近紫外灯照射下， 18 22下， 12h光照与12h黑暗交替培养时，大部分菌落生长较好；但对个别的种也应使用多种培养基，选择最接近自然状态的培养基和培养条件。
4.
Perusing a shanghainese menu is like a lesson in the geography of eastern china , with many dishes originating from the provincial cities of neighbouring fujian , jiangsu and zhejiang . well - known examples include the tied crabs and glazed ham , which originates from the southern song garden city of suzhou , beggar s chicken from hangzhou , as well as the west lake s watercress and fish dishes 经过百年演变，这地区的菜式和乡村食谱经已由上海师傅融汇贯通，令上海菜成为款式最多的中国菜肴，例如大闸蟹和蜜汁火腿是苏州的名菜叫化鸡是杭州的杰作西湖则以西洋菜和鲜鱼著名。
