| 1. | The circumferential normal stress is tensile .
周向正应力是张性的。 |
| 2. | A positive-stress component means tension .
正应力分量表示拉力。 |
| 3. | The normal stress acting in any random direction can be obtained in the following way .
作用于任意方向的正应力可按下列途径来求得。 |
| 4. | A simple normal or direct stress produces a certain elongation or contraction of the material .
单纯的正应力使材料产生一定的伸长或缩短。 |
| 5. | Thus the directions that emerge for extremizing the normal stress are the directions corresponding to the principal stresses .
因此，产生最大正应力的方向就是相应于主应力的方向。 |
| 6. | While the strain is affected by the initial mean effective
但剪应变却与初始有效平均正应力有关。 |
| 7. | Axial normal stress
轴向正应力 |
| 8. | Rate and state dependent friction law with variable normal stress is employed in the analyses
摩擦采用了速率及状态依赖性本构关系，并考虑了正应力变化的影响。 |
| 9. | The stress components in different planes are generally different both in directions and magnitude
摘要过应力空间一点的不同斜面上的正应力、剪应力以及全应力会随着斜面的变化而变化。 |
| 10. | Liquefaction resistance defined by excess pore water pressure rise is approximately independent of the initial confining pressure
同时也说明了由超孔隙水压力定义的抗液化强度与初始有效平均正应力无关。 |
