| 1. | If a blank endorsement is made, the holder of the b/l has the right to take delivery of the goods .
假如作了空白背书，提单持有人就有权提货。 |
| 2. | The carriers ' s rights of suit against the holders of the bills of lading
承运人对提单持有人的诉权 |
| 3. | The means of relief for holder of bills of lading as follows : take an action against the carrier or agent for demanding return of car
承运人就无单放货在赔偿了提单持有人的损失后，依法享有向第三人追偿的权利。 |
| 4. | Article 78 the relationship between the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading with respect to their rights and obligations shall be defined by the clauses of the bill of lading
第七十八条承运人同收货人、提单持有人之间的权利、义务关系，依据提单的规定确定。 |
| 5. | A provision in the document stating that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person , or to order , or to bearer , constitutes such an undertaking
提单中载明的向记名人交货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。 |
| 6. | But when there is no contract or the bill of lading holder will not know about the contract , the routine measure is that the identify of carrier is based on those written on the bill of lading
然而在没有运输合同或提单持有人不能了解运输合同的情况下，国际上通行的做法是依据提单的记载识别承运人。提单作为运输合同的证明，含有对承运人的记载。 |
| 7. | Article 95 where the holder of the bill of lading is not the charterer in the case of a bill of lading issued under a voyage charter , the rights and obligations of the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading shall be governed by the clauses of the bill of lading
第九十五条对按照航次租船合同运输的货物签发的提单，提单持有人不是承租人的，承运人与该提单持有人之间的权利、义务关系适用提单的约定。 |
| 8. | Also in this chapter , the concepts of consignee and holder of b / l are compared and the applied scope of each is clarified . the conclusion is drawn that the concept of consignee shall substitute that of holder of b / l in the field of carriage of goods by sea
本文还对在海上货物运输领域易被混淆的收货人和提单持有人两个概念进行了分析比较，明确了两者各自的适用范围，认为在海上货物运输领域提单持有人的概念应该被收货人取代。 |
| 9. | Defence of carrier or agent may be accept by the courts are following : the holder of bills of lading waive the right of demanding the carrier to release cargo against original bills of lading , or the holder recognize carrier ' s such delivery ; the carrier may use to site the clauses in charter party or in bills of ladings for denfence ; the carrier may use time limitation for defence
承运人或其代理人在无单放货诉讼中提出的抗辩可能被法院所接受的理山主要有以下几点：提单持有人的行为构成了对无单放货的认可或对要求承运人凭正本提单交货权利的放弃；承运人可以援引租约或提单的规定提出免责；承运人运用时效进行抗辩。 |
| 10. | Chinese current situation - there is three major controversies , which result in inconsistency in judicial decisions . they are the requirement on the form of incorporation clause , the validity of incorporating the arbitration clause from c / p into b / l and meanwhile restricting the b / l holder as the third party and the method of identifying the proper law of incorporated arbitration clause
主要集中在三个方面：第一，司法审判对并入条款的形式要求不一致；第二，对仲裁条款是否可以被并入提单以约束非租方的提单持有人的问题，现存的观点不一致；第三，对被并入提单的仲裁条款的准据法的选择方式不一致。 |
