| 1. | The only requirement is that you look at road at near glancing incidence because the rays bend very gradually .
唯一的条件是要从接近掠入射的方向去看公路，因为光线弯曲得非常慢。 |
| 2. | In the process of sputtering , it is important to characterize the thickness and residual stress of plct films . in experiment . through the technology of x - ray
基于掠入射x射线衍射( gixrd )的残余应力测量表明,射频磁控溅射plct薄膜中为压应力。 |
| 3. | It reformed the coventional grazing incidence method of reflecting x ray , and made it possible to reflect x ray in normal incidence way . it moves x ray optics forward greatly
它从根本上改变了传统的掠入射反射x光的方法，使正入射反射x光成为可能，并极大的促进了x光学的发展。 |
| 4. | In addition , a shadowing function applicable to multiple scattering is taken into account , which extends the calculation to the surface with anisotropic slope distribution
引入考虑多次散射的遮蔽函数来修正掠入射情况下的散射系数，并将计算范围扩展到均方根料率各向异性的二维粗糙面。 |
| 5. | It is the first time to be brought out and designed that the solar x - euv imaging telescope integrates the grazing mirror and the normal incidence mirror . this design can fully meet the applied requirements according to simulation
太阳x - euv成像望远镜在国际上首次提出并设计实现单台设备集成掠入射望远镜和正入射望远镜系统，分析表明，该设计方式完全满足应用要求。 |
| 6. | Taking the composite insulator as a measurement sample , knowing the waveform conversion condition on the boundary , only a conventional longitudinal testing probe is needed to measurement transverse wave produced by grazing incidence longitudinal wave
以复合绝缘子为测量样品，为提高测量横波的精度，根据超声波在边界上的波型转换条件，使用常规纵波探头对由掠入射纵波产生的横波进行测量。 |
| 7. | 3 the main facilities in our experiment are introduced . they consist of the hi - 13 model tandem accelerator , the 2 . 2 - meter grazing incidence vuv to soft x - ray monochromator and the data - processing system . the testing system is also described
3介绍了主要的实验设备，即hi - 13串列加速器和2 . 2米掠入射真空紫外到软x射线谱段光谱仪的结构和原理，介绍了实验数据获取系统和实验系统的调试。 |
| 8. | In theory , firstly , the theorectical considerations on soft x - ray are discussed . secondly , the conclusion is obtained based on the applying the lorentz reciprocity theorem , which demonstrates that equivalence of brazing exit and grazing incidence methods
在理论研究方面，首先讨论了软x射线荧光产生的原子物理相关理论；其次根据洛伦兹互换定理，得出了掠出射和掠入射两种荧光分析理论具有互换性的结论。 |
| 9. | The notable torsion effects of the surface ground motion above the alluvial valley are illustrated and the torsion effects become stronger as the frequency of the incidence is higher . ( 4 ) antiplane surface motion of the underground circular soft inclusion and the underground homogeneous soft interlayer is investigated in this paper . the results indicate : surface displacement amplitudes just above the soft inclusion of small depth - to - width ratio is amplified and soft interlayer of small depth - to - thickness ratio is amplified to a certain degree , and moreover , the latter is lower limit of the former
结果表明：垂直入射时，小深宽比软夹塞上方地表位移幅值有较大的放大，小深厚比软夹层的地表位移幅值也有一定的放大，且后者为前者的下限；波接近掠入射时，软夹塞正上方地表点和软夹层的中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文一地表位移幅值都没有放大，而软夹塞迎波面一侧地表点的位移幅值会有一定的放大；软夹塞上方的地表位移运动有较强烈的扭转效应，且此扭转效应随入射波频率的增高而增强。 |
| 10. | The surface morphologies of thin films were observed by using scan electron microscope ( sem ) and atomic force microscope ( afm ) . based on grazing incidence x - ray diffraction ( gixrd ) equipment , we find that residual stress exist in magnetron sputtering plct film , in addition , the ferroelectric properties of plct thin films were measured by radiant premier lc type multifunctional ferroelectric properties test system
利用广角x射线衍射技术对不同溅射工艺下plct薄膜的相结构进行了研究;采用扫描电子显微镜( sem )和原子力显微镜( afm )分别观察了薄膜的表面形貌;利用掠入射x射线衍射( gixrd )测量了薄膜的残余应力。 |
