Thickness measurement of thin film for holographic plate by michelson interferometer 用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量全息干板膜厚度
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Plate like space frame 干板型网架5
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The reference beam comes from the object wave itself and image of the object is formed by a lens on the plane of the holographic plate , therefore the hologram is named self reference image hologram 用透镜将物体的像成在记录干板平面附近，参考光来自物光本身，因此称之为自参考像全息图。
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Its main purpose is to know different kinds of detecting method . generally , euv and soft x - ray photodetector included five types : ionization gas , semiconductor , electron multiplier and film 总的说来极紫外和软x射线光电探测器的类型有气体电离型、半导体型、电子倍增器以及极紫外和软x射线胶片(干板) 。
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( 3 ) we make a comparison between the binary and photorefractive edge - enhancement jtc . ( 4 ) taking the volume hologram storage of the photorefractive crystals , we can carry out the matched filtering correlation recognition with real - time operation ( 4 )利用光折变晶体的体全息存储特性来实时制作匹配滤波器，避免了利用全息干板制作滤波器时的显影、定影等化学操作和滤波器的严格复位问题。
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For improving the flow manner on the plate , the downcomer apron was modified from straight shape to trapezoidal shape . the hydrodynamics performance of the modified ctst tray , for example , the pressure - drop of dry tray and wet tray , liquid weeping and vapor entrainment etc were measured 对优化后的塔板流体力学性能进行了测试，分别测量了不同气液流量下的干板及湿板压降、雾沫夹带量和漏液量等数据，并与改造前的塔板流体力学性能进行了对比。
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This method has some characters : during recording of the transmissive holograms the holographic grating placed in front of the holographic plate closefittingly is used as a spectroscope . the transmissive wave is served as the object wave and the diffraction wave through the holographic grating or the deflective reflect wave produced by the silicon slice is served as the reference wave , therefore the hologram is named as self - reference image hologram . the recording results are the off - axis holograms and the twin images can be separated successfully 在记录透射型全息图时，将全息光栅紧贴置于记录干板之前，而光栅起到了分光的作用，直透波作为全息图的物光波，参考光是物光通过光栅后产生的衍射波；记录反射型全息图时将硅片置于记录干板之后，利用反射硅片产生离轴参考光，因此系统仅需一束照明光束，参考光来自物光本身，因此称之为自参考像全息图。
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By comparing the dry plate pressures drop and distributions of velocities simulated on single valve with those of double valves , it was found that there was intense turbulence in the flow fields around fixed - valve , there were eddy areas between valve side orifices and tray wall , there were eddies above the valves too , these led to the complex behaviors of gas perforating valve , these had a great effect on the gas - liquid mass transfer process . at the same time , in order to prevent the disadvantageous effect of gas between one valve with another on the gas - liquid mass transfer , it was very effective to change the fields of gas perforating valve by folding the edges of valve 通过对数值模拟得出的单阀和双阀塔板的干板压降及流场速度分布分析对比后发现，固定阀周围流场存在较强的湍动，阀侧孔与塔板壁面区域以及阀体的上方空间存在明显的涡流区，使气体穿阀后的行为变得复杂，并对气液传质过程产生重大影响；模拟结果表明，为防止和削弱固定阀间的对冲造成的“死区”对传质带来的不利影响，通过折边来改变气体的气路是非常有效的，模拟值与实验值基本得到吻合。
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At first , in the process of experiments , it were measured that dry plate pressures drop and point pressures in the flow fields around the single fixed - valve and double fixed - valves under different velocities by using of pitot tube . after that point pressure was transformed to point velocity , two dimensions flow plane of flow fields around fixed - valve were plotted to observe the difference between of the fixed - valve tray with fold edges and the common rectangular fixed - valve tray on the distributions of flow fields and pressures , to provide comparisons and refer - rence for cfd simulation 在实验中，利用测速管等仪器对在不同速度下的单阀和双阀固定阀周围的流场进行了点压力测量，然后把点压力转化为点速度后绘出固定阀周围流场的二维流线图，同时测定了塔板的干板压降，来考察新型固定阀带折边后对流场分布和压降的影响，为随后的数值模拟提供对比和依据。
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The pressure drop of the compound tray can be regarded as consisting of dry plate pressure drop , clear liquid resistance , liquid surface tension resistance , and packing pressure drop . the model that has established can fairly predict the pressure drop of the compound tray , the value calculated by the model compared with that detected by experiment is less than 20 % 复合塔板的压降可认为由干板压降、清液层阻力、填料层压降和克服液体表面张力的压降四部分组成，所建立的压降计算模型，能较好地预测复合塔板的压降，计算值与实验值误差在20以内，可用于工程设计。
