The first stage ( 1871 - 1885 ) : the age of transition from traditional nanjing dialect to mandarin 第一阶段( 1868 - 1885 ) ：从传统的南京语教育向北京官话教育转换的时期。
2.
For now we see through a glass , darkly , but then face to face : now i know in part ; but then shall i know even as also i am known 官话本：我们如今仿佛对着镜子观看，模糊不清。到那时，就要面对面了。我如今所知道的有限，到那时就全知道，如同主知道我一样。
3.
This article discusses the grouping of lanyin mandarin . it consists of three parts : 1 ) the commonality of lanyin mandarin ; 2 ) the internal differences ; and 3 ) some suggestions for revision 本文讨论兰银官话的分区,内容分为三个部分:壹,兰银官话的共同特点;贰,兰银官话的内部差异;叁,主要的修订。
4.
It cast the blame for the situation liberally but vaguely , denouncing “ extremists ” , calling for the return of the israeli soldiers by their captors , but also asking israel to exercise restraint 这份声明官话十足但闪烁其词地责备了整个局势，谴责了“极端份子” ，呼吁放回被拘捕的以色列士兵，还要求以色列遏制事态发展。
5.
This course will provide an introductory survey of the phonology , lexicon and grammar of the chinese dialects ( or sinitic languages ) , including mandarin , wu , gan , xiang , min , yue , and hakka 本课程将对汉语各大方言（包括官话、晋、吴、赣、湘、闽、客、粤等）的音韵、词汇和语法特性做一个初步的介绍，而把重心放在南方方言上。
6.
" hongloumeng " " qiludeng " " rulinwaishi " which were simultaneously written in mid - eighteen century are considered as the representative works of dialects in beijing , central plains and southeastern region 摘要《红楼梦》 、 《歧路灯》和《儒林外史》三部小说同时创作于十八世纪中叶，它们的语言分别代表了当时的北京话，中原官话和江淮官话。
7.
Big achievement has been done by the japanseaholar liujiao hengguang and chinese scholar wang hongchun , whose research on the beijing mandarin textbook in meiji period of japan , but it doesn ' t change the unpopular condition of research 摘要日本六角恒广与中国王顺洪等学者对日本明治时期北京官话教科书的研究取得了相当大的成绩，但仍然没有改变其研究的“冷清”状况。
8.
The study should be proceeded developed deeply the article illustrates the problems of the ten aspectsand and puts forward the concrete thread and method to solve the problems in order to get the enlightenment and meditation for the research of beijing nardarin textbook in meiji period of japan 文章对十个方面问题进行了阐述，提出了具体解决问题的思路与方法，以期对日本明治时期北京官话教科书的研究有所启发与思考。
9.
Based on the latest fieldworks and studies of the phonological features and internal vs . external discrepancies of zhongyuan guanhua in shanxi , shaanxi provinces and ningxia autonomous region as in the language atlas of china , the paper makes some appropriate adjustments 本文根据新的调查研究成果,在《中国语言地图集》的基础上讨论了山西、陕西、宁夏境内中原官话的语音特点和内部、外部差异,对三省区的方言区划作了适当调整。
10.
Through the field investigations , the distribution and the population of jianghuai mandarin in shaanan , from the historical documents , local chronicles and genealogical materials , the background and the course of jianghuai mandarin in shaanan are analyzed ; with the comparison and contrast , the conclusion is that jianghuai mandarin ' s formation is closely related to the historical large - scale emigration from northeastern hubei during the years of qianlong and jiaqing in the qing dynasty and that it is the variant of jianghuai mandarin which is used by the descendants of the immigrants in this area 摘要通过田野调查与比较，描述了陕南江淮官话的分布范围、使用人口及语音特点；并进而参照历史文献、方志材料及谱牒资料，分析了陕南江淮官话形成的历史背景与原因，结论认为：陕南江淮官话形成于历史上清朝乾嘉年间鄂东北地区大规模移民，它是这一地区移民后代使用的一种江淮官话变体。
