In this course , evolutionary pathways that have led to the development of innate and adaptive immunity are analyzed , the conserved and unique features of the immune response from bacteria to higher vertebrates is traced , and factors , such as adaptive changes in pathogens that have shaped the evolution of immune system are identified 在本课程中，我们将分析先天性免疫与适应性免疫能力发育的演化途径，追踪从细菌到高等脊椎动物共同与特有之免疫反应，以及确认其他因子如对病原体的适应而影响免疫系统的演化等。
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People need bone marrow transplants if they have diseases such as leukemia , aplastic anaemia , or congenital immunity deficiency . this is because their own bone marrow cannot function properly to produce the blood cells . the patient may suffer from anaemia , fever , frequent infections or excessive bleeding 那些患上白血病、再生障碍贫血及先天性免疫能力缺乏症等血病病患者，因为身体内的骨髓不能够正常生产白血球、红血球及血小板，以致血球份量失去平衡，导致贫血、发热、易受感染和流血不止。
