Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the rigveda samhita to be the earliest , composed by many authors over centuries of oral tradition 现代语言学家认为梨俱吠陀的《吠陀本集》韵律般的诗是更早期的，是由很多作者经过上百年来的口头传统集结而成。
2.
Unlike the superhuman devas ( gods ) of the vedic samhitas and the abstract upanishadic concept of the all - pervading brahman , the avatars in these epics are intermediaries between the supreme being represented as either saguna brahman or nirguna brahman and mere mortals 不同于《吠陀经》内神仙般的提婆（众神）和《奥义书》内有关普及所有的梵天抽象概念，这些史诗中的上帝化身被描绘成无属性的梵或宇宙本质与人类之间的中介物（中保） 。
