The hymenium may be directly exposed to the air , as in the gills of the mushroom ( a basidiomycete ) or may open into a flask - shaped cavity , as in the perithecia of certain ascomycetes 子实层可能直接暴露于空气，像蘑菇（担子菌）的菌褶，也可能似瓶状开口，如某些子囊菌的子囊壳。
2.
The phylogenetic relationship of cordyceps based on the its sequence analysis of rdna showed all of the species in this experiment have been divided into two groups by molecular systematic classification , group one including the species with perithecia wholly immersed , and group two including those with perithecia not or half immersed . it means the position of perithecia in the stroma is very important characteristic 在埋生类群中，子囊壳斜埋生的种，即属于新虫草亚属的沫蝉虫草和双头虫草，以及虫草亚属的下垂虫草都被归到一个类群之中，垂直埋生的类型被归到另一类群中，在埋生类群中，除大团囊虫草和c 。
3.
In the immersed group , 3 species with perithecia obliquely immersed are located in same subgroup , and these species with perithecia vertical immersed in the other subgroup . in the not immersed group , all of species have perithecia not immersed or half immersed but c . ophioglossoides which grows on ellomyces and c . cantheraloides which has stroma as agaricus have Cantheraloides为埋生型外，其他均为非埋生型。同时也发现，不同产地的同种虫草，有的分子水平上无差异如蛹虫草，冬虫夏草，有的虽有差异但仍然被归在一组中如大蝉虫草，种与种间差异较大。
4.
The vertical and horizontal slides of stramata of cordyceps sinensis ( berk ) sacc were observed and photographed on optical microscope . the shape of perithecia and ascospore of cordyceps sinensis ( berk ) sacc in qinghai province , the number of ascus contained in each perithecia , the number , length , width , the horizontal partition number and the distance among the partitions of ascospore in each ascus were measured and described 把冬虫夏草子座制成纵、横切片,用光学显微镜观察并拍照，对青海冬虫夏草子囊壳及子囊孢子的形态、每一子囊壳中所含子囊、每一子囊所含子囊孢子的数目、长度、宽度、横隔隔数和隔距进行了测量与描述。
5.
In subgroup , there are no differences between specimens of same species from different places for instance c . militaris or a ittle differences for example c . sobolifera . according to above analysis a new classified criterion proposed is that in classification of the genus cordyceps whether the perithecia are immersed or not should be the first classified characteristic , which is quite different from the classic ones . at the same time based on the investigations , isolation and identification of cordyceps spp . and other entomogenous fungi collected from more than 10 different ecological places or natural preserves in southwest china 对西南地区10多个不同生态区或自然保护区的虫草及其他的虫生真菌进行了调查和分离研究，发现了3个虫草新种和4个半知菌新种，既茂兰虫草( cordycepsmaolanensis ) ，贵州虫草( c . guizhouensis ) ，拟布里班克虫草( c . brittlebanksoides ) ，蜻蜒拟青霉( paecilomycesodonatae ) ，双梭隔梭孢( septofusidiumbifusisporum ) ，香棒弯颈霉( tolypocladiumbarnesii ) ，蝉白僵菌( beauviriasobolifer ) 。
