| 1. | In order to start our research , we must first understand how those newly emerged nses began to go upon the stage of china ' s economy
要研究非国有企业对体制变迁的影响，需要首先了解非国有企业是如何在改革开始后进入中国经济舞台的。 |
| 2. | During china ' s transition from centrally planned economy to market economy , one remarkable feature is the quick development of non - state enterprises ( nses ) outside of the planning system
中国经济从计划体制向市场体制转轨的过程中，一个显著的特征就是非国有企业在体制外的成长。 |
| 3. | However , the purpose of this article is to try to treat the institutional environment as an endogenous variable . that is , we want to study how the development of nses has influenced the transition of institutional environment
本文则试图将制度环境内生化，从相反的角度来研究非国有企业的发展对制度环境变迁所产生的推动作用。 |
| 4. | The next three chapters constitute the main parts of our research . we will in turn study the influence of nses on three entities of the economy , which are the state - owned enterprises ( soes ) , the government and the individuals
在接下来的三章中，我们分别就非国有企业发展对经济转轨中其他三个重要决策主体? ?国有企业、政府和公民个体的影响进行了逐一考察。 |
| 5. | Therefore , by adopting new institutionalism ' s theory of institution change and institution innovation , we present in chapter 2 a new explanation to the entry of nses of china after reform . this chapter points out that the entry of nses is the result of a series of spontaneous institution innovation activities which have been initialized by certain entities aiming at getting the potential profits of institution innovation
为此我们在第二章中利用新制度经济学的制度变迁和制度创新理论给出了一个非国有企业进入的分析框架，指出非国有企业的进入是一群行动主体为了获取制度不均衡所出现的潜在获利机会而自发进行的制度创新活动。 |
| 6. | The idea behind standards - based reform is to set clear standards for what we want students to learn and to use those academic standards to drive other changes in the system . the american national science education standards ( nses ) was therefore released in 1996 , which was constructed by tens of thousands of people who were engaged in the writing , review , and consensus - building processes
本文以美国基础教育阶段的科学课程标准为主要研究对象，尤以影响标准实施的主要因素为研究的重点，探讨美国“基于标准的”科学教育改革与历史、现实及未来的关系，并试图为我国科学教育改革提供有益的借鉴。 |
| 7. | In chapter 3 , we first provide a new perspective on the efficiency difference between soes and nses with the new theory of the anticommons . then we prove that the rapid growth of nses have not only reduced the proportion of soes in the economy and affected the latter ' s profit and productivity rate , but also have relaxed many restrictions disturbing soes reform , which helps to further improve the property rights reform of soes
我们首先用反公共品理论对非国有企业同国有企业的效率差异给出了一个新的解释，然后通过理论和实证分析证明，非国有企业的快速发展不仅减少了国有企业的市场份额，影响了其利润率和生产效率，而且还通过放松改革的约束条件，促进了国有企业产权改革的提速。 |
| 8. | It has been proved by many researches that the sustaining growth of nses is the main source of china ' s economic growth in the post - reform period . most of the literatures on nses focused on their contributions to economic growth and endeavored to explain where their vigor comes from
关于非国有企业、特别是具有中国特色的乡镇企业的发生和发展，大量的文献集中于研究非国有企业对中国经济的稳定、持续增长所带来的促进作用，并重点研究非国有企业在转轨经济中不完善的制度环境下为何具有较高的活力。 |
| 9. | The nses is a guide to strategies , structures , and policies that support world - class science education in the united states . the intent of this paper is two - fold : 1 ) to provide a brief historical overview of science education standards in the united states ; 2 ) to examine the influences of the science education standards implementation . the research methods were historical documents analysis , factor analysis and comparison principal
本文通过研究美国《国家科学教育课程标准》的历史演进，揭示美国目前的科学教育改革的历史渊源与现实背景；在对美国《国家科学教育课程标准》进行文本研究与综合分析的基础上，概括出该标准五大特点；进而深入讨论影响美国科学教育课程标准实施的多层因素；最后对中美两国的科学课程标准与科学教育改革作比较分析，对我国科学教育改革提出了一些看法和建议。 |
