On account of the circumstances , this article attempts to study the system of burden of proof and the principle of its allocation in the collision actions , and then , based on the character of legal system in china and theories of maritime judgement , it tries to analyse the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , 1972 , dig out some problems and put forward some idio - points of view . in the last section of this thesis , the author analyses and inquires into how to institute a rule of burden of producing evidence for collision actions in our country and deems which is propitious to keep the development of shipping in order 有鉴于上述现状，本文立足于本国法制特征，在先辈的民事举证责任制度理论成果基础上，借鉴英美典型海事判例确定的举证责任原则，对船舶碰撞中的举证责任及其分配制度进行了考察；并从举证责任分配规则的理论角度对1972年《国际海上避碰规则》进行了大胆的评析，在发现问题的基础上提出了一些个人的观点，以作为海事司法实践的参考。
2.
This paper adopted analytic hierarchy method compared the theory of small towns in china from five aspects , disclosed the process of the development of small towns , generalized eight aspects of the developed theory in foreign small towns , it contains region integration idea , centro theory , grow polar - nucleus theory , sustainable development theory , desakote theory , new town theory , shared space theory and idio - centre development theory 文章采用层次分析法对我国已进行的小城镇发展理论从五个方面作了比较，揭示出小城镇在我国的发展进程，总结了国外小城镇发展理论共有8条，即区域整合思想、中心地理论、增长极核理论、可持续发展理论、灰色区域理论、新城镇理论、分享空间理论和自中心发展理论。
