The production and genetic analysis of the artificial gynogenetic diploid in silver carp hypophthalmichthys molitrix 鲢人工雌核二倍体群体的产生及其遗传分析
2.
This result mean that the fish obtained by the above technique treatments is real diploid mito - gynogenetic grass carp 说明这些草鱼是经过染色体加倍所得的、完全真实的雌核发育二倍体草鱼。
3.
Cytological genetic analysis revealed that the chromosome number of gynogenetic grass carp is 48 and the karyotype is 18m + 24sm + 6st , fundamental arm number ( nf ) is 90 , just as those of the common grass carp 此外，对雌核发育草鱼细胞遗传学分析证实所得雌核发育草鱼的染色体数目为48条，其核型公式为18m + 24sln + 6st ;臂数为哪习o 。
4.
It was found recently that in the gynogenetic haploid and diploid embryos of goldfish , which have exactly the same genome , the haploid condition results in obstruction of gene expression and abnormal development while the diploid embryos have normal gene expression and development 在具有相同基因组的金鱼雌核发育单倍体和二倍体胚胎发育过程中，单倍体本身的条件导致了它在基因表达上有缺陷，发育不正常，而二倍体发育正常。
5.
The appearance of the gynogenetic fish was similar to that of f2 hybrids , the diploid gynogens were able to produce diploid eggs that were proved by the presence of the triploids with 150 chromosomes among the offspring produced by mating the diploid females of the gynogens with the diploid males of the red crucian carp 在第三年可育的雌核发育鱼的比例有所增加。在外形上与湘螂fz相似，在繁殖特性上，二倍体雌核发育鱼也与湘螂fz相似，能产生二倍体卵子，其与红螂后代的染色体数为3n = 150 。
6.
A diploid - dependent regulatory apparatus was proposed by prof . luo et al to regulate gene expression . the haploid condition results in obstruction of gene expression and abnormal development because the diploid - dependent regulatory apparatus will regulate gene expression in the haploid embryos according to the same rule as in the diploid embryos . to study the difference at the protein expression level of the embryos of haploid and diploid in development and to identify the important proteins associated with the embryonic development , we extracted the total proteins of both the gynogenetic haploid and diploid embryos of goldfish in the same eye formation stages ( divided into the substages of he - 1 and de - 1 , he - 2 and de - 2 , he - 3 and d e ~ 3 respectively ) 为了研究在金鱼雌核发育单倍体和二倍体胚胎发育过程中的蛋白质表达水平的差异，并鉴定一些与发育相关的重要蛋白质，我们以遗传背景一致的金鱼雌核发育单倍体和正常二倍体的相应眼睛形成的发育阶段的胚胎为材料( 3个时期，分别为he - 1和de - 1 ， he - 2和de - 2 ， he - 3和de - 3 ) ，然后提取胚胎的全蛋白，用二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法进行蛋白质点的分离，获得了质量较好的凝胶图谱，结果显示大部分蛋白质点分布在ph5 - 10 ，相对分子质量在10000 - 50000da 。
7.
Surprisingly , heterogeneous sperm from other species of fish , besides stimulating and activating development of the egg , are able to contribute to the phenotype of gynogenetic offspring , that is allgynogenesis . the patterns of expressions in five isozymes ( est , mdh , me , sod and ldh ) were investigated in the embryogenetic stages of gynogenetic crucian carp ( carassius auratus of pengze ) activated by homogenous and heterogeneous sperms Mdh的差异有两点，在同源精子激发的胚胎中， mdh6 ’表达至心博期后消失，但在异源精子激发的胚胎中， mdh6 ’持续表达至孵出期；在孵出期，异源精子激发的胚胎比同源精子激发的胚胎多出两条带mdh4 ’和mdh5 ’ 。
