| 1. | The actual stresses do not exhibit the discontinuity of slope at the centre indicated by the elementary theory .
实际应力在中心处存在初等理论所指出的斜率不连续性。 |
| 2. | Obviousely , it has difference between theory and realastic in stress and deformation to some extent
这显然与土体实际应力状态及变形特性存在一定的差别。 |
| 3. | The allowable stress levels to which the actual stress levels are compared are based on empirical findings for the material involved
对所使用的材料来说，与实际应力比较的容许应力是以实验研究结果为基础的。 |
| 4. | This paper discussed about the changes of stress state on effect of soil properties . the reason of surface settlement and layer losses is that the stress state is not primeval one in and after tunneling construction . therefore it is necessary to select strength data in actual stress path in making tunnel deformation and stability analysis with continuous media mechanics
本文讨论了隧道施工过程中，由于应力状态的变化对土性的影响， ，隧道施工之所以造成地表沉降和地层损失，是因为隧道施工过程中以及隧道施工结束后土层的应力状态已经不是原始应力状态，因此在选用连续介质力学方法对隧道施工进行变形和稳定性分析时，必须采用实际应力路径下强度参数。 |
| 5. | In order to ascertain the real stress and deflection of structure this paper puts forward experimental scheme . by measuring data during the process of construction , we can know the distribution of stress in simply supported - continuous beam and compare with initial design , then we can adjust it by control method to ensure quality of the bridge
提出具体的试验方案，论述了测试元件的测试原理，通过测量各控制点在不同阶段的应变和挠度，确定桥梁结构的实际应力大小和变形状态，了解简支转预应力连续结构各跨主梁与连续处的应力分布情况，并与设计相互验证，通过施工控制使结构符合设计要求，保证施工质量。 |
| 6. | ( 5 ) aiming at irregularity of a real fracture surface or a real crack profile , applying griffith ' s criterion and fractal geometry , the real asymptotic expression at the crack tip is developed , and it is discovered that the fractality of the crack reduces the stress singularity at the crack tip
( 5 )针对实际断裂面或裂缝的不规则性，利用griffith能量平衡原理及分形几何，推导了裂缝尖端实际应力场和位移场的表达式，研究发现，裂缝的分形性减小了裂缝尖端应力的奇异性。 |
| 7. | The conclusion is that it is more similar to practical soil pressure distribution if shear strength parameters are used which are obtained by the experiments that can simulate the actual process of active soil during excavation . so it is more reasonable to use shear strength parameters obtained by tri - axial experiments that can simulate the process of excavation in design of retaining structure
本论文得出的结论是：用模拟基坑开挖实际应力路径的试验方法得出的抗剪强度指标计算基坑侧土压力分布，与实际情况更为接近，在基坑支护设计中，应该尽量使用模拟基坑开挖实际应力路径的三轴试验方法确定土体抗剪强度指标。 |
| 8. | The security and dependability of the extra long bridge structure have become the general concern question of the society in these days . because of the influence of the prestressed loss , the real stress does n ' t coincide with the designed stress , that is to say , the calculated stress does n ' t display the condition of the real structure stress properly , and thereby the undiscovered danger leads to the quality of the engineering construction
特大型桥梁的结构安全可靠性已成为当今社会普遍关注的问题。对大跨度预应力混凝土桥梁而言，由于预应力损失的影响，结构的实际应力与设计应力很难完全吻合，即计算应力不能很好地反映结构的实际应力状态，从而留下安全隐患，严重影响了工程建设质量。 |
