Plato maintained that the soul is eternal , preexistent , and wholly spiritual 柏拉图主张灵魂是永恒的，先于存在的并且整个是精神性的。
2.
Article 12 copyright in a work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation or arrangement of a preexistent work shall vest in the adapter , translator , annotator or arranger , the exercise of which , however , may not infringe the copyright in the preexistent work 第十二条改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品，其著作权由改编、翻译、注释、整理人享有，但行使著作权时不得侵犯原作品的著作权。
3.
Performance of a work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation or arrangement of the preexistent work shall be in possession of the license of both the copyright owner of the work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation , arrangement or compilation and the copyright owner of the preexistent work and shall be subject to the payment of compensation 使用改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品进行演出，应当取得改编、翻译、注释、整理作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人许可，并支付报酬。
4.
Article 34 publication of a work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation , arrangement or compilation of the preexistent work shall be in possession of the license of both the copyright owner of the work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation , arrangement or compilation and the copyright owner of the preexistent work , and shall be subject to the payment of compensation 第三十四条出版改编、翻译、注释、整理、汇编已有作品而产生的作品，应当取得改编、翻译、注释、整理、汇编作品的著作权人和原作品的著作权人许可，并支付报酬。
5.
In using a work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation or arrangement of the preexistent work , the sound or visual recording producer shall acquire the license of both the copyright owner of the work derived from adaptation , translation , annotation or arrangement and the copyright owner of the preexistent work , and pay compensation thereto 录音录像制作者使用改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而产生的作品，应当取得改编、翻译、注释、整理作品的著作权人和原作品著作权人许可，并支付报酬。
6.
Two methods " principle of three dimensional stress determination developed from the above four basic ones by yangtze river scientific research institute are presented , one based on hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic tests on preexistent fractures in single borehole , another one based on ckx - 97 hollow package 3 direction strain gauge 并对长江科学院完善的单钻孔中水压致裂法三维地应力测量和ckx - 97型空心包体式钻孔三向应变计的三维地应力测量的计算公式作了推导。
7.
And the generalized homothetic composite action of metallogenic subsystems mentioned above formed the multiple - composite metallogenic system of the jiangda tectonic belt . the typical ore deposits of jiangda tectonic belt , such as dingqinnong , jiaduoling , renda etc , are contact metasomatic type deposits formed intracontinental rifting stage , and the tectonic - magmatic - hydrotherm of intracontinental orogenic stage superposed and rebuilt some preexistent ore body . their space distribution is controlled by composite intrusive rock belt of ne direction 对丁钦弄、加多岭、仁达等典型矿床的研究表明，它们均为形成于陆内裂谷作用阶段的接触交代型矿床，陆内造山期的构造?岩浆?热液作用叠加改造了先成矿体，矿床空间分布受北东向复合侵入岩带控制。
8.
While the artificial beauty formulated in the tradition of female impersonation in theatres like chinese opera and japanese kabuki constitutes the aesthetic essence of certain asian performing arts , in contemporary theatres however gender impersonation is often used to challenge taboos , subvert conventions and transgress preexistent boundaries 尤其在生命礼仪的相关场域里，往往以游戏的型态，藉面具伪装与卸? ，变换角色，进入正常生活之外的非常层次，而在戏谑的背后，往往又有其庄严的一面。
