Moving from single dislocations to ensemble effects , recovery and polygonization are reviewed . recrystallization is also introduced and described phenomenologically 由单一差排进而转往整体效应，并回顾回复及多角形化。亦由现象面介绍及描述再结晶。
2.
So cross section and particle production are not calculated consistently . and it is difficult for gri5ov - regge theory to include hard process . the parton 6ased gri6ov - regge theory provide a solution : elementary scatterings happen in parajlel , described phenomenologically as pomeron exchanges 因此，在nexus中pomeron的色弦形成方式就与其它模型很不相同；即使只有一个pomeron交换，色弦的端点也是海夸克和反夸克，而不是价夸克。
3.
In this research , fatigue life of laminate composite is predicted phenomenologically , dealing mainly with in - plane stresses without accounting for out - of - plane failures such as delamination . fatigue modulus is used as a physical parameter which helps to describe the basic fatigue behaviour of unidirectional laminates and obtain expressions for cumulative damages defined by strains . based on some typical fatigue test data for unidirectional composite laminates , a cumulative fatigue damage model is presented for predicting the fatigue life of multidirectional laminates with arbitrary stacking sequence under complicated fatigue loadings 本文以碳纤维/树脂基t300 / qy8911层压结构为研究对象，从唯象的观点出发，以疲劳模量为参量构造损伤函数，基于几组最典型的单向板疲劳试验数据，建立单向板在多轴循环应力作用下的疲劳寿命模型，并以此为基础，发展同种材料体系的任意铺层形式的多向层压板在复杂循环载荷作用下的疲劳寿命预测方法。
4.
The microscopic plastic deformation of the local crazes cause the change of crack opening loads . therefore , the fatigue crack closure concept could be introduced . a crack closure model of mdyb - 3 pmma were recommended and phenomenologically formulated for positive and negative stress ratios separately , according to the testing results of fatigue crack propagation 本文讨论了有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展机理，提出，银纹的形成是裂纹形成和扩展的基础，从微观上解释了裂纹形成和扩展的原因，并结合金相分析结果，明确提出塑变诱导闭合和粗糙诱导闭合是有机玻璃疲劳裂纹面闭合的两个主要原因，成功的解析了裂纹面的闭合现象。
