Sometimes the subject is divided into paleobotany , the study of fossil plants , paleozoology , the study of fossil animals , and paleoecology 有时将古生物学分为古植物学（植物化石研究） 、古动物学（动物化石研究）以及古生态学。
2.
These discoveries have expanded almost exponentially our understanding of this critical chapter in the history of life on earth ? and turned old notions about early tetrapod evolution , diversity , biogeography and paleoecology on their heads 这些发现让我们对地球生命史上重要章节的了解，几乎有了巨幅的成长，也因而改写了我们过去对于早期四足动物演化、多样性、生物地理学及古生物学的观念。
3.
The scholars insisting on transgression provided many markers such as mineralogy , lithology , paleoecology and geochemistry , but these makers are not completely the same as normal marine makers , moreover , the passageway and obviously increased makers of transgression have not been discovered , so " marine flooding " , " tsunami " and " terrestrial facies " appear , these viewpoints have coexisted for a long time 尽管“海侵”论者提供了矿物学、岩石学、古生态学以及地球化学等多种标志，但是因为这些标志与标准海相标志比较，都有一定差别，而且至今没有发现确实可靠的海侵通道和明显的海相性递增现象，所以又出现了“海泛”论、 “海啸”论和“陆相”论。
