Morphine and other opiates , which bind to opioid receptors on the nociceptor endings that reach into the spinal cord , employ this latter tactic 吗啡及其他鸦片类物质的结合目标鸦片受体，位在痛觉受器伸入脊髓的分支上，所以它们使用的就是上述后发制人的策略。
2.
In the presence of these chemicals or of temperatures above 43 degrees celsius , the channel allows sodium and calcium ions to flood into the nociceptor , stimulating it to generate a signal that translates into the burning sensation induced by heat , inflammation or spicy food 在这些化学物质存在下，或是体温超过43 ，该离子通道就会让钠与钙离子涌入痛觉受器；由此生成的讯息，则由脑部判读成热、发炎或辛辣食物所引起的烧灼感。
