In this review , the present status of the molecular and physiological mechanism of the differentiation and development of cotton fiber is discussed , in which the molecular and physiological mechanism of the producing of the cell turgor , loosening of the cell wall , synthesis of the composition molecules and their incorporation into cell wall , signal of the starting of secondary wall thickening , cellulose biosynthesis , and layout of cellulose microfibril regulated by cytoskeleton are introduced in detail 摘要本文综述了棉纤维分化、发育的分子生理机制的研究现状，著重讨论了棉纤维细胞膨压的产生、细胞壁的松弛、结构分子的合成和加入、次生壁增厚的启始信号、纤维素的生物合成和细胞骨架系统控制纤维素沉积等机制。
