And the difficulty in defining fraudulence towards clients is the complexity of the nature of liability 而把握欺诈客户的难点在于责任性质的复杂性，既有合同责任又不能排除侵权责任的承担，甚至还有竟合的可能。
2.
( 4 ) the design on hierarchical optimization functions is studied , and the fraudulence of hierarchical decomposable functions to algorithms is mostly discussed ( 4 )研究层次化函数的设计，着重分析层次化可分解函数对于优化算法的欺骗性。
3.
In china , it is of significance to conduct further research and practice on the case law to guard the violations of laws and rules such as false information , trading on inside information and market fraudulence 在我国，加强对判例法的研究和实践，对防止虚假信息、内幕交易和市场欺诈等违法违规行为，具有积极的作用。
4.
From more than three aspects such as robber - faking , fraudulence manipulation and technique packing to the cash flow sheet , this article attempted to reveal the various traps of manipulating the financial cash flow seriatim 但是，现金流量表也是可以粉饰、操控的，现金流量表的强盗式造假、欺骗性操纵和技巧性包装等是操纵和粉饰的主要表现形式。
5.
The contents of this article can be divided into four parts as follow : the first part of this article first discusses the relations between market manipulation and other securities fraudulences , then puts an emphasis on such aspects about distinct kinds of market manipulation as the concepts , the ways on how to manipulate securities market and how to distinguish the acts of market manipulation in law . the second part of this article discusses that the intention of manipulation is a necessary requisite for market manipulation 除“导言”和“结语”外，本文的主要内容分为以下四大部分：本文第一部分“操纵市场的行为样态分析”从操纵市场行为的概念及其与证券市场上其他主要的欺诈行为的关系入手，首先阐述了操纵市场行为与内幕交易等证券市场上其他欺诈行为的区别，然后重点对操纵市场行为不同行为样态的概念、手法、构成要件和法律上的认定等方面展开了论述。
6.
Paragraph of time , the physical - training teacher educating a branch to organize implement new class bid to middle and primary school reforming condition making an investigation , indicate on inquiry in the front , scale is small since a little school running a school , a little rural area elementary school , does not move space especially , be not enough to pay attention to waiting a minute or to physical training , do not have very good according to that new class switches over to demand to open enough physical education , since entering the higher school the system restraint , a little school defies student sports activities and good health , physical education birthplace having some of higher class with the method of work " resorting to fraudulence " , go ahead culture class within outside row physical education , at present major middle and primary school stadium field layout , equipment and material facilities are obsolete , short - supplied , foundation has no way to ensure that regular sports of school is flexible carrying out , is difficult to say material request adapting to new class more 前段时间，教育部门组织体育教师对中小学实施新课标改革情况进行调查，调查表明，一些学校由于办学规模小，特别是一些农村小学，没有运动场地，或者对体育锻炼不够重视等等，没有很好地按照新课改要求开足体育课，由于升学制度的制约，一些学校无视学生体育活动和身体健康，有些高年级的体育课贯用“偷梁换柱”的做法，外排体育课，内上文化课，目前多数中小学体育场地布局、器材设施陈旧、紧缺，根本无法保证学校正常的体育活动的开展，更难以说适应新课材的要求。
7.
The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation , which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences . because market manipulation is a kind of special tort , the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship . besides , this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs , how to assess the losses of the damaged party 本文第三部分“操纵市场的因果关系研究”从民法一般的因果关系理论入手，并结合操纵市场的侵权行为中因果关系的特殊性，论述了操纵市场的侵权行为中因果关系是否成立的判断标准，并主张对因果关系在民事诉讼中举证责任的分配应突破“法律要件分类说”的要求，适用因果关系举证责任倒置的做法，即由操纵市场案件中的被告负担证明责任成立因果关系不成立的举证责任，否则即推定因果关系成立。
8.
However , in its process of development , china ' s convention and exhibition industry has encountered some undeniable problems , such as fraudulence , overlapping and redundancy , ipr infringement , deficiencies in the management system , lack of legal regulations , overheated exhibition facility construction , disruptive competition and the lagging behind of industrial associations 但同时，当前我国的会展业发展中也出现了一些不容忽视的问题，比如：骗展、重复展和侵权现象时有发生，管理体制不顺，缺乏法律规范，展馆建设过热，市场竞争无序，行业组织建设滞后等等。
