For cartographical purposes heights are necessarily recorded above the geoid (sea-level) . 就制图的目的来说，所以需记录的高程是高出大地水准面（海平面）的高程。
2.
The study of projections from the cartographical point of view is not here considered as a branch of geodesy . 从制图学的观点来研究投影，不认为是大地测量学的分支。
3.
Quality evaluation model of automated cartographical generalization based on a multi - dimensional constraint space 基于多维约束空间的自动制图综合质量评估模型
4.
But the internet and the spread of satellite - navigation technology are beginning to weaken the state ' s control of cartographical detail 其它一些国家对徒步者常用的详细地形图进行了严格的分类。
5.
It is pointed out that cartographers should actively promote the informationization of cartographical industry and reorganization on the mapping agency , innovatively map design and map making on scientific conception , develop the electronic atlas market when cartography science is coming into the internet era , facing the chances of the globalized new economy and the social demands for remote - education 地图科学即将进入互联网络时代，面对经济全球化的机遇、信息产业的兴起、远程教育的社会需求，呼吁地图科学工作者积极拓进地图产业的信息化与结构调整，创新设计科学深加工的地图精品，开拓电子地图新局面。
