地学的 meaning in English

topographical

The achievements of the historical geography of the northwestern frontier during jiaqin and daoguang period of qing dynasty
嘉道年间西北边疆史地学的成就
This paper formalates developing actuality of information technology and geoscience , and looks forward mapgis
摘要简述了信息技术与地学的发展现状，并对mapgis进行展望。
In the paper , the characteristic of ecology environmental data and its integrated method were traversed . based on the geography methods , the paper studied on the general character of fujian provincial ecology environment and its data ' s integrated theory and method , then discussed the theory and method of ecology environment spatial data index , spatial analysis ' s design and arithmetic , analyzed the spatial data expression and vision theory and method , probed into the component technique and comgis
本文详细研究了生态环境数据的特点、生态环境数据的集成方法、以地学的研究方法全面、深入地研究了福建省生态环境的总体特征，研究了福建省生态环境数据集成的理论与方法，生态环境空间数据的表现与可视化的理论与方法，生态环境空间数据索引的理论与方法，组件技术与组件式gis的理论与方法。