| 1. | The erosion process as visualized by the author was intimately related to the swelling of the clay .
根据作者的观察，冲刷过程与粘土的膨胀有关。 |
| 2. | Parts of the layer contained smooth layer of small white and grey ash particles washed by water
地层局部还出现流水冲刷过平铺的细白灰粒，不排除该地区有经流水冲刷过程。 |
| 3. | In this paper , the flush function is divided into two aspects . one is the process flushing the inner wall of the closet bowl ; the other is the discharge of the dirty objects under the action of water flow
针对其功能，本文将坐便器的冲水过程分解为两方面进行研究，其一是对水包内壁的冲刷过程，另外则是在水流冲力作用下的排污过程。 |
| 4. | The main contents and conclusions are as follows : 1 . the dynamic pressure on the original riverbed and the scour hole are measured . the results show that the characteristics of dynamic pressure in the scour hole are the same as that on the original riverbed
表明在基岩冲刷过程中以及冲坑稳定后，射流冲击区的脉动压强与冲坑形成前一样，都是以低频大振幅为主，说明在冲刷坑形成后，射流冲击区水流与无冲坑时一样，都是大尺度涡不断破碎和小尺度涡不断生成的过程。 |
| 5. | In order to eliminate the hidden trouble caused by storm runoff erosion , the mechanism of the storm runoff erosion on the slope surface of the yellow river dykes has been studied in this thesis . through the simulation rainfall experiments and field observations , the formation mechanism of storm runoff scouring , rills and sockets have been opened up . meanwhile the possible control measures have been suggested
为了防治黄河大堤由于暴雨径流冲刷造成的不安全隐患，本文针对黄河大堤上的暴雨径流侵蚀进行了实地设站观测及室内模拟降雨侵蚀试验，通过揭示大堤暴雨冲刷过程机理，查清水沟、水穴(浪窝)等的成因，提出相应的防治对策。 |
| 6. | In order to understand the characteristics and mechanism of flow washout for the crevice of core wall in earth - rock dam , according to the exemple of crack washout test for the core of heihe dam , constant water level washout test and changing water level washout test are adopted differently , the process of test and the character of the flow washout for the core crack are gone into particulars
摘要为了解水流冲刷作用下反滤层对土石坝心墙裂缝发展保护作用的特点和机理，以黑河土石坝心墙裂缝冲刷试验为例，分别采用常水头和变水头两种方法，探讨了土石坝心墙裂缝在水流冲刷过程中的特点。 |
| 7. | Abstract : an experimental investigation of local scour around a new type bridge pier under a clear water regime is presented . the main characteristic feature of flow is relatively large horseshoe vortex flow along the circumference of the pier . and the procession of scour is discussed in this paper . equation for predicting the depth and area of local scour hole is presented . it is significant for evaluating the potential for scour around this type pier
文摘:介绍了一种新型桥墩即多腹薄壁墩的局部冲刷试验成果.认为桥墩周围的水流以绕流桥墩的相对较强的马蹄型漩涡系为主要特征.并讨论了冲刷过程，给出了预测冲坑深度及大小的关系式，可供估算同类型桥墩的冲刷参考 |
| 8. | The existing results about scour hole was summarized . experiments was made about the influence of aeration on scour , the dynamic pressure on the original riverbed and the scouring hole bottom , and the influence of aeration on the dynamic pressure and the velocity of submerged jet . scour was simulated by numerical model
在总结前人研究成果的基础上，试验研究了掺气对基岩冲刷破坏的影响；基岩冲刷过程中冲坑底部脉动压强随冲坑深度的增加而变化的特性；掺气对冲坑未形成前河床底部及基岩冲刷坑底部脉动压强的影响；掺气对射流轴线流速变化的影响等。 |
