走私贸易 meaning in Chinese

smuggling trade

Maritime smuggling trade around the southeast china sea in the sixteenth century
16世纪东南中国海上走私贸易探析
Unfortunately it again returned to the old state after yong - le period , not authorizing merchants the legitimate right to engage in overseas business . as a result , the maritime smuggle became serious
仁宣之后又僵守太祖旧制，不给商民出海以合法的权利，造成与律法相对抗的海上走私贸易愈来愈烈。
Further , it investigates the features and causes of the pirates ' activities in this period and points out that smuggling of opium is the direct cause of the prevalence of piracy , alliance of chinese and foreign governments and use of advanced ships play an important role in the ferreting and elimination of piracy
本文主要集中于目前史学界较少涉猎的开埠初期的海盗活动，力图复原历史原貌，探究本期海盗活动的特点和成因，提出鸦片走私贸易是海盗行为盛行的直接诱因，中外双方的联合和先进船只的运用在对海盗的搜剿中起了重要作用。