| 1. | Ears : the membranes covering the inner ear should be either flat or slightly concave ; ear abscesses are very common and can have fatal consequences if treatment is not obtained
耳鼓：内耳孔上覆盖的耳鼓膜往往是平的或者微微凹陷；耳鼓鼓胀很常见，同时如果不经过及时治疗往往也很致命。 |
| 2. | Part 4 makes the efforts on the study of the effectiveness and the practicability of the erssma by the use of the skills of semicircular resection of the modern otology
第四部分将现代神经耳科保留听力的半规管切除技术和乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路相结合，研究扩大经内耳孔上入路的实用性和有效性。 |
| 3. | Conclusion : in the craniotomy of the retrosigmoid approach , the lateral two hole should devised lateral and inferior to the asterion and fissure of the occipital - mastoid at the fundus of mastoid . it is a safe and fast drilling method
N 、 t扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路显微外科解剖学系列研究中文扬要枕乳缝乳突基底外下方为钻孔点是安全、快速的方法。 |
| 4. | Part ii the study on the safety and the feasibility of the expanding retrosigmoid suprameatal approach objective to certified the safety and the feasibility of the erssma by the study of it ' s radiology and microanatomy . materials were the same as them of part 1
第二部分扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路安全性和可行性的研究目的：通过对扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路神经放射影像解剖学的研究确定该手术入路的安全性、可行性。 |
| 5. | There had n ' t a report about the study on the microsurgical anatomy of this approach in our country and there were rarely found in the data overseas . the development of the neuro - otology has made it possible for the resection of the semicircular with the preservation of hearing . by the use of this skill , the removal range of the petrosal bone could be enlarged . this is called the expanding retrosigmoid approach
在保留听力的条件下将现代神经耳科学的半规管切除新技术和乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路结合起来，将使该手术入路得到扩展，这就是扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路( erssma ) ，对它的显微外科解剖学研究，国内外来见报道。 |
| 6. | This study was to determine the safety , feasibility , practicality and effectiveness of the expanding retrosigmoid suprameatal ( erssma ) approach dealing with the tumor invading the middle and superior clivus by the study of it ' s microsurgical anatomy . the advantage of less damage which the retrosigmoid approach had was reserved in the retrosigmoid suprameatal approach ( rssma )
本题就是通过对扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路显微外科解剖学研究，来确定用该入路处理向中颅窝、上斜坡侵犯型岩斜区肿瘤的安全性、可行性、实用性、有效性。 |
| 7. | This is the first study on the microsurgical anatomy of the erssma . . the part 1 of this study stressed on the craniotomy device of the retrosigmoid aproach to improve the operating skills . part 2 aimed at the safety and feasibility of the erssma . part 3 deal with the microanatomy of the rssma and it ' s effectiveness of it ' s exposure to the middle fossa and the superior clivus
扩大乙状奏后经内耳孔上人路显槽外科解剖学系列研究中文柄耍本题第一部分对乙状窦后入路的骨瓣设计进行改良研究，以改进乙状窦后入路的开颅技术；第二部分研究扩大乙状窦后经内耳孔上入路的安全性和可行性。 |
