鸦片走私 meaning in English

opium smuggling

Further , it investigates the features and causes of the pirates ' activities in this period and points out that smuggling of opium is the direct cause of the prevalence of piracy , alliance of chinese and foreign governments and use of advanced ships play an important role in the ferreting and elimination of piracy
本文主要集中于目前史学界较少涉猎的开埠初期的海盗活动，力图复原历史原貌，探究本期海盗活动的特点和成因，提出鸦片走私贸易是海盗行为盛行的直接诱因，中外双方的联合和先进船只的运用在对海盗的搜剿中起了重要作用。