转向误差 meaning in English

steering error
swirl error

Influence of beam turning error of pentagonal prism on wavefront measurement
五角棱镜的光束转向误差对波前测量的影响
Utilizing the related transformation theory knowledge of spatial coordinates , kinematics analysis was carried out on the double rocker mechanism and the spatial mathematic model and the optimization model based on the minimum turning errors were established
摘要运用空间坐标变换理论的有关知识，对双摇臂机构进行运动学分析，建立空间数学模型和基于转向误差最小的最优化模型。