越间 meaning in English
koshima
Examples
- Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings , the structure method , structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form . through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure , including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings , the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings , the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base , and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions , destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions , many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings , the static function , the seismic performance , energy dissipation , vibration reduction , energy - loss mechanism , nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied . aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained , such as the natural period of structure , vibration modes , damping ratio , factor of vibration isolation , oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration , velocity and displacement , magnitude of slippage , and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc . based on these research , the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method , calculating mode , strength analysis of members and joints , strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account
依照宋代《营造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木结构构件及结构模型，对中国古代木结构中的典型构造如：柱脚在础石顶面平搁简支、柱架榫卯连接、柱高不越间之广、侧脚、生起、斗拱等的构造机理及结构功能进行了量化分析和实验研究： (一)通过木柱石础静摩擦试验，测定了柱脚与石础古镜面间的摩擦系数及摩擦力随上部结构荷载变化的规律； (二)通过单柱承载力试验，测定了古建筑中木柱的受力变形特征、破坏模式、及模型材料的变形模量、极限承载力、极限变形等参量； (三)通过柱架低周反复荷载试验，测定了柱架的抗侧移刚度、柱架恢复力特性及滞回曲线、榫卯张角刚度及其变化规律、柱架及榫卯的极限承载力和极限变形、及榫卯减振参数； (四)通过斗?低周反复荷载试验和受压试验，测定了古建筑木构件与木构件间摩擦系数，斗?抗侧移刚度，斗?恢复力特性及滞回曲线，斗?抗压极限承载力及受力变形规律； (五)通过抬梁式殿堂间架模型振动台试验，测定了殿堂木构架结构自振周期，地震反应振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按结构分层特点对柱脚、柱头和斗?层上的屋盖的地震反应采用多点同步测量，对柱根滑移、榫卯变形、斗?的变形、复位、耗能减振参数等进行了定量分析。