航海过失免责 meaning in English
shipping statute
Examples
- Firstly the influence that the abolishment of the defense the exception of error in navigation of vessel brings to shipping economy , collision damage and general average
首先分析了废除航海过失免责对航运经济、碰撞索赔以及共同海损等可能带来的影响。 - In practice of carriage of goods by sea , the individuai shipper is the consumer of service , beiongs to a weak social group , so that the party who needs protection by the iaw shaii be the shipper but not the carriel howevef
在海上货物运输中，广大的货物托运人是“消费者” ，属于弱势群体，应当受到法律的保护。但现存的航海过失免责，却与此相背，不能不令人遗憾。 - ( 3 ) comparing the diff9rent social conditions between the years in which immunity of navigation negiect appeared and the recent years . ln 19th century the navigationai techniques were undeveloped , once the ship left the dock , the ship owner could not control the ship and his crew effectiveiy and often the ship never came back because of great sea periis . w8 ail know the reason an employer shaii be responsibie for his employee ' s fau
国际上早在五、六十年代就已注意到航海过失免责的经济基础不复存在，主张废除航海过失免责的呼声渐高，在一些代表货主利益的内陆国家的努力下，于1978年3月引日在德国汉堡举行的由78个国家参加的全权代表大会上，通过了否定航海过失免责的《联合国海上货物运输公约》 ，简称《汉堡公约》 。 - In contrast , the author believes that it is unreasonabie that the carrier have immunity from the fault of his crew under up - todate navigation condition . the author will justify his opinion by ; ( 1 ) discussing the history of liabiiity basis system and the evoiution of its civii iaw standardi the iiabiiity basis system experienced objective distribution stage to subjective stage , which indicates the negation of subjective f8ult
本文将从以下几个方面进行论述： (一)分析归责原则的发展历程、民法基本观念(即民法的本位)的演进，从宏观的法律原理方面抽象论证航海过失免责的非正当性；归责原则从客观归责到主观归责的发展，表明人类对主观过错的否定，虽然在意思自治原则下出现了一些过失免责，但各国都对此给以了限制。 - The case is that the maritime law immunes the carrier from the liability of navigation negiect , which severely ignores the evolution of the civii law standard . ( 2 ) anaiyzing the effects of two diff8rent kinds of distribution of liability ffom a legal economics viewpoint . legal economics theories believe that if an act andlor a iaw theory is reasonable , it will maximize the sociai wealth
论归责原则与航海过失免菏上海海运学院石圣科（二）利用法律的经济分析方法，从微观上论证航海过失免责的低效率问题；从责任配置的后果的分析来看：因为船东直接控制船舶，其控制成本比货主的控制成本要低得多。