等价原理 meaning in English
equivalence principle
principle of equivalence
Examples
- Chapter 2nd is on the relationship between the nb and tax . first , in the frame of classicism , we debat on the ricardo equivalence theorem , claim that the theorem is failure in our realistically society and draw the conclussion that the nb can promote the instant consumption
第二章国债与税收，首先在古典经济理论框架下讨论了李嘉图的等价原理，并结合我国现实指出：做为组织财政收入的国债与税收，在经济效应上不是等价的。 - In this thesis , main research is described as following : 1 ) according to the principle of system science and resemble technology , we systematically discussed the basic theory of simulation technology . combining with several simple but typical examples , we put forward morphism principle and equal principle which based on morphism system and equivalent system and expounded the inherent meaning of simulation and emulation . some vocabulary related were clarified definitely and the interrelationship between simulation , experiment and analysis was expounded . the developing veins of the simulation technolo . gy were elaborately carded . the modern meaning of simulation technology was explained further
本文的工作主要包括以下几项内容： 1 )从系统科学和相似技术的角度出发，系统地总结及论述了仿真技术的基础理论；结合几个简单的典型实例，提出了以同型系统和等价系统为基础的同型原理和等价原理，并以此为基础阐明了模拟和仿真的内在含义；对与仿真相关的一些词汇作了明确的界定，阐明了仿真方法与试验方法、理论分析方法的相互关系；对仿真技术的发展脉络作了细致的梳理；对仿真技术的现代含义作了进一步的说明。 - ( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action , three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage , are suggested , which can deal with the condition that rock density became large . ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage , which is difficult to measure , so a new damage variable , which includes the average ct number is proposed , on the other hand , strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use . ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified . ( 5 ) with the circle times , the damage propagation laws of two different rocks , subjected to circle of freezing and thawing , are studied , and in the analysis process , traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used , some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle , however , at the preliminary time , the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating , at late time , the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance , when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing , in which the temperature variability is linear , different freezing rate , and different freezing temperature , and no water is supplied during the test
在研究过程中本文主要做了以下工作： ( 1 )针对岩石损伤变化较小时，运用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出运用对ct数范围划分区段的方法，根据各区段统计频率的变化规律来分析损伤扩展状况； ( 2 )针对岩石受到外部作用的多变性，本文提出了基准损伤，正损伤，负损伤的概念，在某种程度上考虑了岩石受到外部作用时的压密情况； ( 3 )现有的基于ct数的损伤变量大多需要用到岩石基体的ct均值，这实际上是很难观测到的，因此本文建议了一个可运用岩石初始状态ct均值的损伤变量，由于现有的勒迈特教授应变等价原理使用上的不便，本文在其基础上进行了推广； ( 4 )建议了一个可用岩石初始状态ct数和弹性模量的单轴损伤本构方程，并用算例进行了验证； ( 5 )对两种不同岩石在开放环境下受到冻融循环作用且融化过程中补水时，内部损伤随冻融循环次数增加的扩展规律进行了探讨，主要运用了常规的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法进行分析，试验发现：对于孔隙率和含水率较高，密度和强度较低的软弱岩石，冻融循环次数对损伤结构的扩展有明显的影响，而对于孔隙率和含水率较低，密度和强度较高的硬岩，冻融循环次数对其损伤结构扩展初期由于含水率低的原因，影响不是太大，而后期由于水补给后，含水率较高的原因，冻融影响逐渐增大； ( 6 )运用了本文提出的区段划分和统计频率的方法，深入地分析了开放环境下的线性温度变化的冻融循环次数，冻结温度，冻结速度不同岩石作用时，其内部损伤随冻融循环次数，冻结速度和冻结温度变化的扩展规律，需要指出的是除了在试验前饱水外，冻融过程中没有补水。