汉德公式 meaning in English
the hand formula
Examples
- " p " is the probability that an accident will occur and " l " is the cost of the resulted losses , if the accident does occur
汉德公式的提出使法律上“理性人”这一概念变得精确和可操作了。 - In orde r to solve this problem , cooter and ulen brought forward their own theory on the base of hand formula , which is more reasonable than hand formula
为了解决这一问题，考特和尤伦在汉德公式的基础之上提出了自己的一组梯级推进的公式理论。其理论既简便易行，又有经济上的合理性。 - " pl " ( the probability of the accident multiplied by the gravity of the resultion injury ) is the risk associated with the activity , the expected liability or the discounted accident cost . hand formula is the first attempt which uses economic analysis to deal with tort . though hand formula makes the reasonable - man standard more accurate , actually , hand formula and the reasonabl - man standard are not absolute in solving the cases
但是，汉德公式和理性人标准的运用并不是绝对的，在实际的案件审理中，仍然存在一些抗辩理由，因此，汉德公式并不是看上去那么简单，在具体案件中应用它并使其符合效益原则更不是一件容易的事，汉德公式在确定行为人的责任或义务范围以及处理侵权纠纷方面的确有一些积极意义，但它的适用也受到许多限制。 - In united states v . carroll towing co . , he defined reasonable care in algebraic terms . under the learned hand rule , a party is found negligent and therefore liable for ( at least part of ) the damages resulting from his actions if b < pl . " b " , the burden of adequate precautions , is the accident avoidance cost
汉德法官在对“美利坚合众国诉卡罗尔拖轮公司案”的审理中，根据此理论提出了广为人知的“汉德公式” ： b pl ，即侵害方是否承担责任取决于他采取预防措施的费用）是大于还是小于事故发生的可能性叩）和事故造成的损失几）的乘积。