替代设计 meaning in English

alternative design

The defect of products is a element of product liability . in one hand it concerns that if the harmed consumers can be remedied and hi another hand , to determine and classify the defect of products properly is a key step of balancing duty . there are three standards relating to defect of products : subjective standard , objective standard , mixed standard . the author considers that the mixed standard is rather available . defect can be classified into three kinds : designing defect , alerting defect , producing defect . according to the definitation , there are three conditions to determine designing defectthere exists foreseeable danger in products when products are sold ; there may exist alternative resonable design ; the alternative design can reduce or dissolve defect of product . the standard is beneficial for producers . the part also rethinks the rules related to the standard of products defect
缺陷可分为三类：设计缺陷、警示缺陷和制造缺陷。《美国侵权行为法第三次重述产品责任》对设计缺陷和警示缺陷的定义作了调整值得注意。依照这一定义，设计缺陷认定需要三个条件：产品在投入流通时存在可预见的致损风险；可能存在针对该产品缺陷的合理替代设计；合理替代设计可以减少或消除该致损风险。