心内直视手术 meaning in English

intracardiac operation under direct vision
open heart ooeration
open heart operations

A clinical study of open heart surgery with beating heart
心脏不停跳心内直视手术的临床研究
Management of cardiopulmonary bypass in long - time open heart operations in elder patients
老年人长时间心内直视手术的体外循环管理
Comparison of enzyme study and ultrastructure of myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass with beating and arrested heart
体外循环停跳与不停跳心内直视手术的对比研究