弊政 meaning in English

[书面语] maladministration; misrule

The voluntary - service policy exercised in the southern song dynasty is considered by many scholars as a bad policy , but the fact is that it underwent an evolution of deterioration
摘要南宋义役多被学界视为一大弊政，但它其实存在一个由利趋弊的过程。
The reasons lie in the followings : 1 ) influenced by the " adhering to orthodox ideas " thought of the huxiang school , the core of huxiang culture , the pioneers of huxiang school , hu an - guo , hu hong and zhang shi , demanded to abolish the outmoded politics , but adhered to the ancestral systems ; 2 ) the northward horse - shape geographical conditions surrounded by mountains in three sides and bordering a river in one side , hunan was easily accessible to accepting the traditional culture in the central plains , but held back the oceanic culture in the southeast coastal area
其主要原因：一是作为湖湘文化核心的湖湘学派的“守先正”思想的影响，湖湘学派创始人胡安国、胡宏、张?等要求革除弊政，但又坚守祖训，坚持祖制；二是湖南三面环山一面临水的北向马蹄形地理环境，便于北向接受中原传统文化，而对东南沿海的海洋文化却有阻扼作用。