对偶变量 meaning in English

antithetic variables
dual variable

By introducing dual variables , the dual governing equations and boundary conditions , which are composed by mixed variables under whole state space , are obtained
引入对偶变量，进一步建立使问题化为在以混合变量组成的全状态辛空间中的控制正则方程和初边条件。
By using new dual vectors , dual differential matrix and orthogonality relationship , a new solution method by igenfunction expansion for an elastic system with one continuous coordinate is establishen based on the theory of ordinary differential eguations
摘要以常微分方程的理论为基础，利用新的对偶变量、对偶微分矩阵和正交关系，以单连续座标弹性体系为例，建立了与弹性力学求解新体系平行的特徵函数展开解法。
It is difficult to analytically solve the inequality constrained nlps in the dual space , due to the linear lagrangian . a perturbed ( regularized ) lagrangjan approach is proposed , which provides an analytic solution of the dual variables in terms of primal variables
然后针对带不等式约束的非线性规划问题，给出一个lagrange正则化(摄动)方法，该方法有效地克服了线性lagrange函数难于在对偶变量空间直接求解的困难。