实际观测值 meaning in English

actual observed value

In fact , the model calibration is a function optimization problem , which searches the best or better parameter values in their acceptable ranges to attain a match between the observed and simulated distribution or distributions of a dependent variable or variables
在模型参数物理意义的范围内，使模拟结果与实际观测值之间误差最小的参数估计问题本质上属于函数优化的研究范畴，是一个仿真优化问题。
According to the observed results and the corresponding settlement calculation results , the objective function is established by using the least square method . with the pattern search method , the optimal estimate of the needed inverse - analysis parameter has been gained
根据实际观测值与相应的沉降计算值，应用最小二乘法原理建立目标函数，利用模式搜索方法( hook - jeeves法) ，通过寻优的方式获得待反演参数的最优估计。
Stress and deformation of computational analysis is usually not in conformity with actually observed data due to this reason in fem analysis of earth dam and crfd such as the extensively applied duncan - chang hyperbolic model , and many other models also equally have similar problem
如应用广泛的duncan ?张模型在土坝、面板坝有限元应力变形计算分析中就存在与实际观测值不一致、不合理的结果，许多模型也同样存在类似的问题。