sramana meaning in English

沙门

This paper focuses on expounding main sramana thinkers and their thoughts by making full use of buddhist ( northern and southern ) and jainism records , related resources of indian and chinese scholars
摘要本文利用佛教（汉传与南传）、耆那教的记载并且参考印度与中国学者的相关著述对沙门思潮的代表性人物及思想进行比较详细的论述。
Buddhism is one sect of the sramana tradition , on the one hand , they opposed to and fought against the brahmanism together , on the other hand , there were contradictions and struggles among sects of the sramana tradition
佛教与它们共同构成沙门思潮，一方面它们与婆罗门教形成对立并互相斗争，另一方面沙门思潮各个教（学）派之间也存在着矛盾与斗争。